GLP-1 Medications: What Are the Risks You Need to Know?

GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro are everywhere!

They’ve been hailed as a breakthrough for weight loss and metabolic health, helping people shed pounds, curb cravings, and regulate blood sugar. But as their popularity has grown, so have the concerns about their long-term impact on health.

While these medications can be effective, they aren’t without risks.

Understanding those risks is key to making an informed decision about whether they’re the right tool for you—and more importantly, how to use them in a way that supports your overall well-being.

Digestive Issues: Nausea, Vomiting, and Constipation

One of the biggest complaints with GLP-1s is digestive distress. These medications slow digestion, which can lead to nausea, bloating, constipation, and, for some, diarrhea.

While these side effects might improve over time, they can make it difficult to eat well and get the nutrients your body needs.

Muscle Loss and Metabolism Slowdown

Rapid weight loss sounds great, but losing weight too quickly—especially without enough protein and strength training—can mean losing muscle instead of fat.

Muscle is critical for a healthy metabolism. When it’s lost, it’s harder to keep the weight off long-term.

This is something I see often: people drop weight on GLP-1s, but when they come off the medication, their metabolism has slowed, making it even harder to maintain their results. Strength training and prioritizing protein are non-negotiables if you want long-term success.

Nutrient Deficiencies

Eating less can sometimes mean missing out on essential nutrients.

Common deficiencies with GLP-1s include protein, B vitamins, iron, and electrolytes like magnesium and potassium. If you’re not intentional about your nutrition, this can lead to fatigue, muscle weakness, and other health issues.

This is why it’s not just about eating less—it’s about eating smarter. Your body still needs high-quality fuel to function well.

Mental Health Considerations

There’s growing concern about how GLP-1s may impact mood.

Some people report increased anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. The FDA is investigating these reports, and while we don’t have definitive answers yet, it’s something to pay attention to.

Appetite regulation and mental health are closely connected.

If you’re using a medication that alters hunger signals, it can also impact serotonin and dopamine—both of which play a major role in mood and emotional regulation. If you notice shifts in your mental well-being, it’s important to address them early.

Gallbladder and Pancreatic Issues

There have been reports of GLP-1s being linked to pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) and gallbladder issues, including gallstones.

Rapid weight loss itself increases the risk of gallbladder disease, so it’s something to be aware of—especially if you have a history of digestive or gallbladder problems.

If you experience persistent abdominal pain, nausea, or bloating, it’s worth looking into.

Thyroid Cancer Risk: What We Know

Animal studies have suggested a possible link between GLP-1s and thyroid tumors.

While this hasn’t been proven in humans, these medications come with a warning for people with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2). If thyroid health is a concern for you, talk to your doctor about monitoring.

What Happens When You Stop Taking GLP-1s?

One of the biggest challenges with GLP-1s is what happens after you stop.

Many people regain the weight quickly—sometimes faster than they lost it. Studies show that up to 66% of the weight lost on GLP-1s can come back within a year if sustainable habits aren’t in place.

This isn’t because the medication “fails” but because it doesn’t fix the underlying behaviors that led to weight gain in the first place. Appetite and cravings often return, and without a plan in place, old habits creep back in.

This is why I always emphasize building sustainable habits while using GLP-1s, not after. Strength training, proper nutrition, and mindful eating aren’t just optional—they’re what will help you keep the weight off for good.

Should You Be Concerned About These Risks?

GLP-1s can be a useful tool, but they aren’t for everyone.

The key is knowing how to use them strategically and what steps to take to protect your health while on them. If you’re considering GLP-1s—or if you’re already using them and want to make sure you’re setting yourself up for long-term success—let’s talk.

I’m offering a free 30-minute call to help you navigate the risks, optimize your nutrition, and build a sustainable plan—whether you stay on GLP-1s or not.

Click HERE to schedule your call:

You don’t have to figure this out alone.

Let’s make sure you have a plan that works for you now and in the future.

Article by By Rebecca Kastin, NBC-HWC – Functional & Holistic Nutritionist